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Nimonic Fasteners
Nimonic fasteners are best known for their high temperature, low-creep attributes. They are comprised primarily of nickel and chromium – typically more than 50% nickel and 20% chromium – along with other additive such as titanium and aluminum. Due to their ability to withstand extreme temperatures and pressure, they are often used in aircraft parts and gas turbine exhaust applications as well as high temperature furnace applications. Nimonic fasteners are available in two different alloy grades with slightly different capabilities.
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Nickel 200 Fasteners
Nickel 200 (2.4060) fasteners are made from commercially pure nickel and are best known for their excellent performance in caustic alkali solutions such as caustic soda (NaOH). Nickel 200 also exhibits good performance in acids, especially HF (Hydrofluoric Acid - anhydrous) and hydroxides – but can be attacked by common solutions of hydrochloric or sulfuric acids.
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MP159 Fasteners
As aerospace engineering advances, so must the materials to meet the technological requirements of this industry. Fasteners made from MP159 have been developed to provide a solution to high temperature, high strength components. MP159 fasteners offer strength capabilities similar to other Cobalt Alloys (MP35N) but can be used at much higher temperatures - up to 1100°F, compared to MP35N’s usable limit of 800F. In addition, MP159, can be used beyond 1100°F in short term situations.
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Monel Fasteners
Monel® fasteners, like Monel 400 and K500, are made from a nickel-copper alloy and exhibit high strength, toughness and good corrosion resistance over a wide temperature range from cryogenic up to 1000°F. An outstanding characteristic of Monel fasteners is that they offer exceptional resistance to hydrofluoric acid, a particularly tough acid to deal with, in all concentrations up to the boiling point. For hydrofluoric acid applications Monel fasteners are perhaps the most resistant of all commonly used specialty alloys.
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Monel alloy 400 & K500 fasteners also exhibit excellent corrosion resistance in marine applications and have reasonable corrosion resistance to sulfuric and hydrochloric acids under reducing conditions.
Because of these characteristics, Monel fasteners are often found in marine and chemical processing applications. -
Molybdenum Fasteners
Molybdenum fasteners possesses a very high melting point of 2620°C, a low coefficient of thermal expansion and a high level of thermal conductivity. Because molybdenum fasteners have the ability to withstand extremely high temperatures without changing shape, expanding or softening significantly, they are ideal for high strength / high temperature applications that are shielded from oxygen. Exposing molybdenum fastener to oxygen above 600°C will cause them to readily oxidize.
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As a result, molybdenum fasteners find their way into high temperature vacuum furnaces, glass production, military and space applications where oxygen is not present. -
Inconel Fasteners
Inconel fasteners, like Inconel 600, 601, 625, 686, 718, 725 & X750 fasteners, are a family of nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys used for their high strength at elevated temperatures and good corrosion resistance. Because of its high thermal stability, Inconel can be used in service temperatures ranging from cryogenic to 2200°F (982°C). The high alloy content of Inconel fasteners enable it to withstand a wide variety of severe corrosive environments. In mild environments, such as the atmosphere, sea water, neutral salts, and alkaline media, there is almost no attack to Inconel fasteners. In more severe corrosive environments the combination of nickel and chromium provides resistance to oxidizing chemicals, whereas the high nickel and molybdenum contents supply resistance to nonoxidizing environments.
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Because Inconel fasteners offer a good balance of corrosion resistance, temperature stability, toughness and strength they are often a material of choice for chemical processing, aerospace, marine, electronics and oil & gas.
Because Inconel fasteners offer a good balance of corrosion resistance, temperature stability, toughness and strength they are often a material of choice for chemical processing, aerospace, marine, electronics and oil & gas. -
Incoloy Fasteners
Not to be confused with Inconel, Incoloy fasteners are made of a nickel alloy which contains iron and a lower content of nickel. Incoloy is essentially a more economical option to Inconel, yet with more restricted corrosion resistance and temperature limits. Typically, Incoloy is an ideal material for long-term exposure in high temperature environments due to its oxidation, carburization and creep resistance. Incoloy is widely used for its resistance to seawater, brine, sour gas and high chloride environments at elevated temperatures, which make it a popular choice in the oil and gas and power industries.
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Duplex Stainless Steel Fasteners
Duplex 2205 and Super Duplex 2507 (UNS S32205 / UNS S32750) stainless steel fasteners are characterized by their high yield strength, which is twice that of annealed austenitic stainless steels, like 304 and 316. In addition, Duplex steels offer improved corrosion protection compared to 300 series stainless, especially in terms of localized corrosion such as crevice and pitting, as well as stress corrosion cracking. In general, Duplex steel bolts are a great step up from 300 series stainless.
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The main difference between the Duplex alloys is that 2507 offers higher strength and better corrosion resistance compared to Duplex 2205.
• Duplex 2205 (1.4462): Higher strength and corrosion resistance than 300 series stainless.
• Super Duplex 2507 (1.4410): Improved corrosion resistance and strength compared to 2205. -
Aluminum 7075 Fasteners
Aluminum 7075 fasteners are most commonly used for their combination of high strength and low weight. Alloyed primarily with zinc, they exhibit strength that is comparable to many grades of steel at a fraction of the density. Aluminum 7075 can be tempered to several different conditions (including 7075-T6) which offers different levels of strength. Commonly used for high-stress aircraft parts, Aluminum 7075 bolts offer good fatigue resistance and toughness.
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Compared to aluminum alloy 2024, 7075 bolts are typically used in applications where high strength and low weight are critical, whereas 2024 is more suited for cyclic fatigue. When weighing their attributes against 6061 which is structural aluminum, 6061 offers better corrosion resistance and machinability, but does not have the same high strength as aluminum 7075 fasteners.
