1. Petrochemical & Refining Industry

• Key Applications: Reactors, heat exchangers, catalytic cracking units, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems.

• Function: Resists corrosion from media such as hydrogen sulfide, chlorides, and organic acids, particularly under high temperature and pressure.

2. Chemical Processing Industry

• Key Applications: Acid production equipment (sulfuric, hydrochloric), phosphate chemical plants, pesticide and intermediate production units.

• Function: Resists strong acids, alkalis, and mixed chemical media, suitable for severe reaction conditions.

3. Marine & Offshore Engineering

• Key Applications: Seawater desalination plants, ship power systems, offshore platform equipment.

• Function: Resists seawater and chloride ion corrosion, preventing stress corrosion cracking.

4. Energy & Power Generation

• Nuclear Power: Nuclear reactor cooling systems, nuclear waste treatment equipment.

• Thermal Power: High-temperature components in gas turbines and boiler systems.

• Function: Resists high-temperature oxidation and creep, ensuring long-term safe operation.

5. Aerospace & Defense

• Key Applications: Aircraft engine components, rocket propulsion systems, equipment handling highly corrosive fuels.

• Function: Maintains mechanical properties under high temperature and pressure, resists extreme hot corrosion.

6. Environmental & Pollution Control

• Key Applications: Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) systems, wastewater treatment plants, hazardous waste processing equipment.

• Function: Resists corrosive media like acidic exhaust gases and heavy metal ions.

7. Pharmaceutical & Food Processing

• Key Applications: High-purity reactors, piping systems, sterile equipment.

• Function: Corrosion-resistant and non-contaminating to media, meeting hygiene standards (e.g., with electropolishing).

8. Semiconductor & Electronics Industry

• Key Applications: High-purity chemical delivery systems, etching equipment, CVD reaction chambers.

• Function: Resists strong acids and ultra-pure media, preventing metallic ion contamination.

Common Hastelloy Fastener Types

• Material Grades: Hastelloy C-276 (most versatile), C-22, B-2/B-3 (for reducing acids), X (for high-temperature applications).

• Fastener Forms: Bolts, nuts, washers, studs, pins, etc. Custom surface treatments (e.g., passivation, coating) are available.

Technical Advantages

• Corrosion Resistance: Excellent resistance to localized corrosion, intergranular corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking.

• High-Temperature Performance: Retains strength and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures.

• Long-Term Reliability: Service life in harsh environments far exceeds that of materials like stainless steel.

Important Considerations

• Selection Basis: The appropriate grade must be chosen based on specific media composition, temperature, pressure, and load conditions.

• Installation Requirements: Avoid direct contact with dissimilar metals (to prevent galvanic corrosion); use specialized tools for installation.

• Cost Consideration: Hastelloy is a high-cost material, typically used where conventional materials fail.

In summary, Hastelloy fasteners are critical components in high-end industrial sectors, suitable for applications with stringent safety requirements, extreme environments, and difficult maintenance. Their reliability and durability provide essential assurance for critical equipment.