RAYCHIN LIMITED

Complete Range of 310 Stainless Steel Washers

Manufacturing Standards for 310 Stainless Steel Washers

RAYCHIN LIMITED manufactures 310 stainless steel washers to the following national and international standards, ensuring full compliance for projects worldwide. Both standard and non-standard custom configurations are available.

International Standards & Global Designations for 310 Stainless Steel Washers

To serve clients worldwide, RAYCHIN LIMITED manufactures 310 stainless steel washers from material conforming to the following national and international specifications. This ensures full compliance for projects in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.

UNS S31000 UNS S31008 1.4845 X8CrNi25-21 SUS310 ASTM A479

Chemical Composition (Weight %) – 310 Stainless Steel (UNS S31000 / 1.4845)

Our 310 stainless steel washers are produced from melts that strictly conform to the limits below per ASTM A479 / UNS S31000. The high chromium (25%) and nickel (20%) content provide exceptional oxidation resistance and high-temperature strength. The high carbon content ensures excellent creep resistance at elevated temperatures.

Expert note: The high chromium content (25%) forms a protective Cr₂O₃ layer that provides exceptional oxidation resistance up to 1150°C (2100°F). The high nickel content (20%) stabilizes the austenitic structure and provides excellent resistance to carburization and thermal fatigue. For improved weldability and resistance to sensitization, 310S (UNS S31008) with lower carbon (0.08% max) is available. 310H (UNS S31009) with controlled carbon range (0.04-0.10%) is available for applications requiring optimum creep strength.

Complete Mechanical Properties of 310 Stainless Steel Washers (Solution Annealed Condition)

310 stainless steel washers are supplied in the solution annealed condition (1040°C minimum followed by water quenching). The data below represent minimum values per ASTM A479 and EN 10088-3. Washers are hardness tested to ensure proper heat treatment.

Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature

High Temperature Performance of 310 Stainless Steel Washers

Grade 310 is specifically designed for high-temperature service. Its high chromium and nickel content provide exceptional resistance to oxidation and scaling, while maintaining good mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. 310 stainless steel washers are widely used in furnace applications, heat treatment equipment, and power generation components. The spring characteristics of lock washers are maintained within the operating temperature range.

Maximum Service Temperatures

The excellent oxidation resistance is due to the formation of a tight, adherent Cr₂O₃ scale that protects the underlying metal. This protective layer reforms rapidly if damaged, provided sufficient chromium is available. 310 also offers good resistance to sulfidation and other forms of hot corrosion.

Temperature-Dependent Mechanical Properties

The table below shows typical mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. Note that strength decreases with increasing temperature, but 310 maintains useful strength up to its maximum service temperature.

Creep and Rupture Strength

For applications requiring long-term stress at elevated temperatures, creep and rupture strength are critical considerations. 310 stainless steel offers excellent creep resistance due to its high carbon content and fully austenitic structure. Typical 10,000-hour rupture strength values:

Thermal Stability Limits

Corrosion Resistance of 310 Stainless Steel Washers

While 310 is primarily selected for high-temperature applications, it also offers excellent corrosion resistance in many environments due to its high chromium and nickel content.

Oxidation and Scaling Resistance

The high chromium content (25%) provides exceptional resistance to oxidation and scaling. 310 stainless steel washers can be used in air up to 1150°C (2100°F) continuously without significant scaling. In intermittent service, the maximum temperature is slightly lower at 1095°C (2000°F). The material maintains excellent oxidation resistance under mildly cyclic conditions through 2000°F.

Corrosion in Other Environments

High-Temperature Corrosion Considerations

• Sulfidation: In sulfur-containing atmospheres above 800°C, 310 offers good resistance to sulfidation, outperforming lower alloy grades. For severe sulfidation conditions, higher nickel alloys may be required.
• Carburization: The high nickel content provides good resistance to carbon absorption, though in strongly carburizing atmospheres, higher nickel alloys may be preferred.
• Oxidation Resistance: In dry air, 310 provides excellent oxidation resistance up to 1093°C (2000°F). It offers high creep strength, good mechanical properties, and strong resistance to thermal cycling, outperforming Type 309 in these conditions.
• Thermal Cycling: 310 performs best under mildly cyclic conditions. For severe thermal shock applications, special design considerations may be required.

High-Temperature Engineering Note: For critical applications in high-temperature environments, RAYCHIN LIMITED can provide specialized surface treatments, passivation, or recommend optimal heat treatment conditions. Third-party testing per ASTM standards available upon request. When specifying 310 stainless steel washers, consider the maximum service temperature, atmosphere composition, and mechanical load requirements. 310 is also suitable for cryogenic applications down to -196°C.

Why RAYCHIN LIMITED – The 310 Stainless Steel Washer Authority