Hastelloy fasteners such as bolts, screw, nuts and threaded rods are ideally suited for a wide variety of medium to severe corrosive acid environments. The most common grade for Hastelloy fasteners is Hastelloy C276 (2.4819), which is the one of the most versatile of the corrosion resistant nickel alloys – exceeding that of Inconel or Monel. Hastelloy fasteners are also available in other specialty grades that can address more niche corrosion issues. Hastelloy fasteners are resistant to some of the most severe chemicals, this very material often finds use in oil & gas sour gas service, chemical processing, power industries flue gas desulfurization systems, off-shore oil and down hole environments, pulp & paper bleaching and digesters, as well as other industrial facets where corrosion is an issue.
RAYCHIN LIMITED is a recognized expert in Hastelloy fasteners — from Hastelloy bolts, Hastelloy nuts, Hastelloy screws, Hastelloy washers, Hastelloy stud bolts, Hastelloy threaded rods to custom non-standard configurations across all major Hastelloy grades. Hastelloy alloys are nickel-based superalloys renowned for their exceptional resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments, including strong acids like hydrochloric (HCl) and sulfuric (H₂SO₄), chlorides, and oxidizing agents. These alloys maintain outstanding mechanical properties and oxidation resistance at both cryogenic and elevated temperatures up to 1200°C (2200°F) for certain grades. With nickel-molybdenum-chromium matrices, Hastelloy fasteners outperform stainless steel and titanium in aggressive chemical, petrochemical, and high-temperature applications. Our portfolio includes fasteners manufactured to NAS, AN, MS, ANSI, ASTM, ASME, SAE, API, NACE, ISO, DIN and KS standards. Engineered for the most demanding environments where corrosion resistance and reliability are critical. Hastelloy fasteners are supplied in solution annealed condition with full traceability and third-party certifications.
Complete Range of Hastelloy Fasteners – Types & Configurations
Hastelloy Bolts
Hastelloy bolts manufactured to DIN 931, DIN 933, ISO 4014, ISO 4017, ASME B18.2.1, and aerospace standards. Available in hex head, heavy hex, flange head, and socket head configurations. Ideal for chemical reactors, offshore platforms, and high-temperature assemblies. Available in grades C-276, C-22, B-2, B-3, C-4, and X. Sizes from M6 to M100 (metric) and 1/4" to 4" (inch). Precision rolled threads for superior strength and corrosion resistance.
Hastelloy Nuts
Hastelloy nuts manufactured to DIN 934, ISO 4032, ISO 4033, ISO 4034, and ASME B18.2.2 standards. Available in hex nuts, heavy hex nuts, jam nuts, and lock nuts. Precision tapped to Class 2B and 3B tolerances for reliable engagement. Ideal for pressure vessel closures, valve assemblies, and flange connections in aggressive environments. Available in all Hastelloy grades. Sizes from M3 to M100 (metric) and #4 to 4" (inch).
Hastelloy Screws
Hastelloy screws including hex head screws, socket head cap screws (DIN 912, ISO 4762, ASME B18.3), flat head screws, button head screws, pan head screws, and set screws. Available with various drive types including hex socket, Torx, and slotted. Ideal for instrument connections, valve components, and equipment in acid-laden environments. Sizes from M3 to M36 and #2 to 1-1/2".
Hastelloy Washers
Hastelloy washers manufactured to DIN 125, DIN 9021, ISO 7089, ISO 7093, and ASME B18.22.1 standards. Available in flat washers, heavy washers, and spring washers. Precision stamped or machined from solution annealed Hastelloy, these washers provide uniform load distribution under bolt heads and nuts. Ideal for flange connections, heat exchanger tube sheets, and vessel assemblies. Sizes from M3 to M100 and #2 to 4".
Hastelloy Stud Bolts
Hastelloy stud bolts manufactured to DIN 938, DIN 939, DIN 976, ASME B16.5, and ASME B18.31.2 standards. Available in double-end studs, fully threaded studs, and tap-end studs. Designed for flange connections, pressure vessel closures, and heat exchanger applications in aggressive environments. Essential for ASME B16.5 flange bolting in chemical plants, offshore platforms, and nuclear facilities. Sizes from 1/4" to 4" (M6 to M100).
Hastelloy Threaded Rods
Hastelloy threaded rods manufactured to DIN 975, DIN 976, ASME B18.31.1M, and ASME B18.31.2 standards. Continuous threads along the entire length allow for cutting to any required length for custom applications. Ideal for pipe supports, flange connections, and structural assemblies in corrosive environments. Available in diameters from 1/4" to 4" (M6 to M100) in standard lengths up to 6 meters. Precision rolled threads for superior strength and consistency.
Key Benefits of Hastelloy Fasteners
Exceptional Acid Resistance
Hastelloy fasteners offer outstanding resistance to hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), phosphoric acid, and acetic acid. C-276 grade resists 40% HCl at 60°C with <0.05mm/year corrosion rate, and 50% H₂SO₄ at 90°C.
High-Temperature Strength
Hastelloy X maintains tensile strength up to 1200°C (2200°F) under short-term exposure, with exceptional oxidation resistance. C-22 and C-276 retain strength up to 1090°C in oxidizing environments.
Chloride & SCC Resistance
Excellent resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and chloride stress corrosion cracking. PREN values of 68-73 for C-276 and C-22, far exceeding super duplex grades.
Universal Corrosion Resistance
C-276 offers resistance to both oxidizing and reducing media, making it suitable for multipurpose chemical processing equipment. C-22 provides superior performance in mixed acids and oxidizing chlorides.
NACE MR0175 Approved
Qualified for sour service (H₂S) environments per NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156. Suitable for wellhead equipment, valve assemblies, and subsea connections in oil and gas applications.
Thermal Stability
C-4 maintains ductility and resistance even after long-term exposure to temperatures between 649°C and 1038°C. X-grade offers exceptional resistance to carburization and sulfidation.
Hastelloy Grade Selection Guide
Hastelloy C-276 (UNS N10276 / 2.4819)
The Universal Grade: Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with tungsten addition. Exceptional resistance to a wide range of corrosive media including strong acids, chlorides, and oxidizing agents. Resists HCl, H₂SO₄, and wet chlorine gas. Ideal for chemical reactors, pollution control, and marine applications.
Hastelloy C-22 (UNS N06022)
Superior Oxidizing Media Resistance: Higher chromium content provides enhanced resistance to oxidizing acids and mixed acid environments. Outperforms C-276 in nitric acid and chloride/sulfide environments. Ideal for nuclear waste containers, pickling equipment, and flue gas scrubbers.
Hastelloy B-2 & B-3 (UNS N10665)
Reducing Acid Specialists: High molybdenum content provides exceptional resistance to hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid under reducing conditions. Not suitable for oxidizing media. Ideal for HCl acid evaporators and acetic acid reactors.
Hastelloy C-4 (UNS N06455)
Enhanced Thermal Stability: Maintains ductility and corrosion resistance after long-term exposure to 649-1038°C. Resists hydrochloric and sulfuric acid as well as chloride-rich solutions. Ideal for chemical reactors, bleaching systems, and waste treatment.
Hastelloy X (UNS N06002)
High-Temperature Specialist: Exceptional oxidation resistance, high-temperature strength, and fabrication ease up to 1200°C. Resists carburization and stress corrosion cracking in petrochemical applications. Ideal for gas turbine engines, combustor cans, and afterburner components.
Manufacturing Standards for Hastelloy Fasteners
RAYCHIN LIMITED manufactures Hastelloy fasteners to the following national and international standards, ensuring full compliance for projects worldwide. Both standard and non-standard custom configurations are available.
NASANMSANSIASTMASMESAEAPINACEISODINKSJISGB
Hastelloy Fastener Styles
Hastelloy Screws
12 Point Screws Button Head Cap Screws Flat Head Screws Hex Head Cap Screws Pan Head Screws Security Screws Set Screws Socket Head Cap Screws Vented Screws
• DIN 603 / ISO 8677 • DIN 912 / ISO 4762 • DIN 913 / ISO 4026 • DIN 914 / ISO 4027 • DIN 915 / ISO 4028 • DIN 916 / ISO 4029 • DIN 921 • DIN 931 / ISO 4014 • DIN 933 / ISO 4017 • DIN 961 / ISO 8676 • DIN 965 / ISO 7046 • DIN 966 / ISO 7047 • DIN 7991 / ISO 10642 • DIN 7380 / ISO 7380 • DIN 84 / ISO 1207 • DIN 85 / ISO 1580 • DIN 34822 • DIN 34821 • DIN 7504 / ISO 15480 • DIN 7984 • DIN 963 / ISO 2009
Hastelloy Bolts
Hex Head Bolts Shoulder Bolts Wedge Anchor Bolts
• DIN 931 • DIN 933 • ISO 4014 • ISO 4017 • ISO 7370
Hastelloy Nuts
Hex Nuts Lock Nuts
• DIN 439 / ISO 4035 • DIN 934 / ISO 4032 • DIN 985 / ISO 7040 • DIN 986 • DIN 980 / ISO 7042 / ISO 19513 • DIN 6923 / ISO 4161
Hastelloy Studs/Rod
Studs Threaded Rod Weld Studs
• DIN 975 • DIN 976
Hastelloy Washers
Flat Washers Lock Washer
• DIN 125 / ISO 7089 / ISO 7090 • DIN 126 / ISO 7091 • DIN 127 / ISO 7090 • DIN 9021 / ISO 7093
Hastelloy Hose Clamps
Medium Duty Hose Clamps
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Hastelloy Screws
12 Point Screws
Hastelloy 12 point screws allow for higher torque to be applied than a socket head cap screw or head head bolt, however they are be less economical due to the complex head design. Available in 1/4" or larger sizes.
• IFI-115 • MIL SPEC • DIN 34822 • DIN 34821
Button Head Cap Screws
Hastelloy button head screws offer a wide clamping area and low profile. They are best for fastening material that is too thin to counter bore.
• ASME B18.3 • ASME 18.3.4M • DIN 7380 / ISO 7380
Flat Head Screws
Hastelloy flat head screws are most commonly offered in an 82° countersink angle, but can be customized to other angles from 60° -120° and are designed to be flush with the surface. Available in slotted and socket drivers. Phillips, 6-lobe, torx and tamperproof drivers in Inconel flat head screws can be made require special manufacturing.
• ASME B18.3 • ASME B18.3.6 • DIN 963 / ISO 2009 • DIN 965 / ISO 7046 • DIN 7991 / ISO 10642
Hex Head Cap Screws
Hastelloy hex head cap screws offer the added washer face to the bolt head which is lacking on a hex bolt and tighter dimensional tolerances. Ideal for a high clamping force applications with ease of access. Generally availabe in #2 - 1/2" sizes and metric sizes.
• ASME B18.6.3 • DIN 931 / ISO 4014 • DIN 933 / ISO 4017 • DIN 961 / ISO 8676
Pan Head Screws
Hastelloy pan head screws offer a rounded top are best used for small diameter faster needs. Offered in slotted and they are ideal for low torque applications.
• ASME B18.6.3 • DIN 7985 • DIN 921 • DIN 85 / ISO 1580 • DIN 84 / ISO 1207 (cheese head) • DIN 966 / ISO 7047 (raised counter sunk)
Security Screws
Unique driver designs offer these Hastelloy screws resistance to unwanted tampering or removal due to the fact that they cannot be removed using an ordinary driver. Inconel security screws are available in several different drive styles, as well as custom per print.
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Set Screws
Hastelloy set screws are available in cup, cone, flat, dog and half-dog points. Set screws have no head and are equiped with a socket or slotted driver at one end.
• ASME B18.3 • DIN 913 / ISO 4026 • DIN 914 / ISO 4027 • DIN 915 / ISO 4028 • DIN 916 / ISO 4029
Socket Head Cap Screws
Hastelloy socket head cap screws are ideal for limited access situations where there is little clearance around the screws. They offer a safe, reliable and economic solution.
• ASMET B18.3 • DIN 912 / ISO 4762 • DIN 7984
Vented Screws
Hastelloy vented screws are best for vacuum environments because the hole drilled through its axis (from head through threads) allow gases and other contaminents to vent. Inconel vented screws are available in any style.
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Hastelloy Bolts
Hex Head Bolts
Hastelloy hex bolts are similar to hex head cap screws but without the added washer face. They are ideal for high clamping force applications with ease access.
• ASME B18.2.1 • DIN 931 / ISO 4014 • DIN 933 / ISO 4017
Shoulder Bolts
Hastelloy shoulder bolts are made up of a head, shoulder and threaded segment. The smooth shoulder section allows for rotating parts. Typically available with socket drivers.
• ASME • DIN 7379 / ISO 7379 • ISO 7370
Wedge Anchor Bolts
Hastelloy wedge anchor bolts offer a safe secure fastening solution for attaching equipment and other materials to concrete in corrosive environments.
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Hastelloy Nuts
Hex Nuts
Hastelloy hex nuts are available in a variety of styles including finished hex nuts, jam nuts and heavy hex nuts.
• ASME B18.16.3 • ASME B18.2.2 • DIN 439 / ISO 4035 • DIN 934 / ISO 4032 • DIN 986
Lock Nuts
Hastelloy lock nuts are available in all metal and polymer insert styles. All-metal lock provide even load distribution and can be used at high temperatures. Polymer insert styles are more economical and are best for temperatures under than 350°F.
• ASME B18.16.3M • DIN 980 / ISO 7042 / ISO 19513 • DIN 6923 / ISO 4161 • DIN 985 / ISO 10511 / ISO 7040
Hastelloy Studs & Threaded Rod
Studs
Hastelloy studs are fully threaded or partially threaded and made to custom lengths.
• ASME B18.31.2 • DIN 976
Threaded Rod
Hastelloy threaded rod or all thread are available in lengths greater than 1 foot. Minimum order quantity is a total of 6 feet of length.
• ASME B1.1 • DIN 975
Weld Studs
Hastelloy weld studs are available in both arc or capacitor discharge (CD) styles. Weld studs provide an extremely secure fastening solution when one side of the stud needs to be permanently fix to a part and the other side with the threads accessible.
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Hastelloy Washers
Flat Washers
Hastelloy washers are most commonly offered in SAE sizes, but also availabe in USS, oversized and custom sizes upon request.
• ASME 18.21.1 • SAE / USS • DIN 125 / ISO 7089 / ISO 7090 • DIN 126 / ISO 7091
Lock Washers
Hastelloy lock washers are offered as split lock washers. Belleville spring lock washers can also be made upon request.
• ASME B18.21.1 • DIN 127 / ISO 7090 • DIN 6796 / ISO 10690
International Standards & Global Designations for Hastelloy Fasteners
To serve clients worldwide, RAYCHIN LIMITED manufactures Hastelloy fasteners from material conforming to the following national and international specifications.
Hastelloy Grade
USA (UNS)
Germany (DIN)
Europe (EN)
Standards
C-276
UNS N10276
W. Nr. 2.4819
NiMo16Cr15W
ASTM B574 / ASME SB574, AMS 5754
C-22
UNS N06022
W. Nr. 2.4602
NiCr21Mo14W
ASTM B574 / ASME SB574
B-2
UNS N10665
W. Nr. 2.4617
NiMo28
ASTM B335 / ASME SB335
B-3
UNS N10675
W. Nr. 2.4600
NiMo29Cr
ASTM B335 / ASME SB335
C-4
UNS N06455
W. Nr. 2.4610
NiMo16Cr16Ti
ASTM B574 / ASME SB574
X
UNS N06002
W. Nr. 2.4665
NiCr22Fe18Mo
ASTM B572 / AMS 5754, AMS 5798
N (for nuclear)
UNS N10003
W. Nr. 2.4610
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ASTM B333 / ASTM B335
UNS N102762.4819UNS N060222.4602UNS N10665UNS N060022.4665NACE MR0175
Chemical Composition (Weight %) – Hastelloy Alloys
Our Hastelloy fasteners are produced from melts that strictly conform to the limits below per ASTM standards. The nickel-molybdenum-chromium matrix provides the exceptional corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength characteristic of these alloys.
Hastelloy C-276 (UNS N10276 / 2.4819)
Element
Range (%)
Typical (analysis)
Nickel (Ni)
57.0 – 63.0
58.5
Chromium (Cr)
14.5 – 16.5
15.5
Molybdenum (Mo)
15.0 – 17.0
16.0
Tungsten (W)
3.0 – 4.5
3.8
Iron (Fe)
4.0 – 7.0
5.5
Cobalt (Co)
≤ 2.5
0.5
Carbon (C)
≤ 0.01
0.005
Manganese (Mn)
≤ 1.0
0.5
Phosphorus (P)
≤ 0.025
0.01
Sulfur (S)
≤ 0.010
0.005
Silicon (Si)
≤ 0.08
0.05
Hastelloy C-22 (UNS N06022 / 2.4602)
Element
Range (%)
Typical (analysis)
Nickel (Ni)
56.0 – 58.0
57.0
Chromium (Cr)
20.0 – 22.5
21.0
Molybdenum (Mo)
12.5 – 14.5
13.5
Tungsten (W)
2.5 – 3.5
3.0
Iron (Fe)
2.0 – 6.0
4.0
Cobalt (Co)
≤ 2.5
0.5
Carbon (C)
≤ 0.015
0.005
Manganese (Mn)
≤ 0.50
0.3
Hastelloy B-2 (UNS N10665 / 2.4617)
Element
Range (%)
Typical (analysis)
Nickel (Ni)
65.0 – 70.0
68.0
Molybdenum (Mo)
26.0 – 30.0
28.0
Iron (Fe)
≤ 2.0
1.5
Chromium (Cr)
≤ 1.0
0.5
Carbon (C)
≤ 0.02
0.01
Hastelloy X (UNS N06002 / 2.4665)
Element
Range (%)
Typical (analysis)
Nickel (Ni)
47.0 – 52.0
49.0
Chromium (Cr)
20.5 – 23.0
22.0
Molybdenum (Mo)
8.0 – 10.0
9.0
Iron (Fe)
17.0 – 20.0
18.5
Cobalt (Co)
0.5 – 2.5
1.5
Tungsten (W)
0.2 – 1.0
0.6
Carbon (C)
0.05 – 0.15
0.10
Hastelloy C-4 (UNS N06455 / 2.4610)
Element
Range (%)
Typical (analysis)
Nickel (Ni)
Balance
65.0
Chromium (Cr)
14.0 – 18.0
16.0
Molybdenum (Mo)
14.0 – 17.0
15.5
Iron (Fe)
4.0 – 7.0
5.0
Cobalt (Co)
≤ 2.0
0.5
Carbon (C)
≤ 0.01
0.005
Expert note: The high nickel content provides resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking. Molybdenum adds strength and resistance to reducing acids like HCl. Chromium provides resistance to oxidizing media such as nitric acid. Tungsten enhances solid solution strengthening and localized corrosion resistance. The low carbon content prevents sensitization and intergranular corrosion after welding.
Complete Mechanical Properties of Hastelloy Fasteners
Hastelloy fasteners are supplied in the solution annealed condition. The data below represent minimum requirements per ASTM standards unless otherwise noted.
Mechanical Properties by Grade (Solution Annealed)
Exceptional high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance
Hastelloy C-4
649-1038°C (long-term)
Maintains ductility after prolonged thermal exposure
Exceptional Corrosion Resistance of Hastelloy Fasteners
Hastelloy alloys offer unparalleled resistance to a wide spectrum of corrosive environments, combining the benefits of high nickel, chromium, and molybdenum content.
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Resistance
Hastelloy C-276 fasteners resist 40% HCl at 60°C with <0.05mm/year corrosion rate. B-2 and B-3 grades excel in HCl environments under reducing conditions, making them ideal for HCl acid evaporators and reactors.
Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄) Resistance
C-276 offers exceptional resistance to 50% H₂SO₄ at 90°C. C-22 provides superior performance in mixed acid environments containing oxidizing impurities.
With high nickel content, Hastelloy fasteners have excellent resistance to chloride SCC. PREN values of 68-73 for C-276 and C-22 provide outstanding pitting and crevice corrosion resistance.
Resistance to Specific Environments
Environment
Recommended Grades
Performance
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
B-2, B-3, C-276
Exceptional resistance up to high concentrations
Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)
C-276, C-22
Excellent resistance up to 90°C
Phosphoric Acid
C-276, C-22
Very good resistance
Nitric Acid
C-22
Superior resistance due to high Cr
Wet Chlorine Gas
C-276, C-22
Excellent resistance
Flue Gas Desulfurization
C-276, C-22
Widely used in FGD systems
Seawater
C-276, C-22
Excellent pitting resistance
Sour Service (H₂S)
All grades
Qualified per NACE MR0175
Heat Treatment & Microstructural Stability
Hastelloy fasteners are supplied in the solution annealed condition for optimum corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Heat treatment parameters vary by grade:
C-276 & C-22: Solution anneal at 1121-1177°C followed by rapid cooling (water quench).
B-2 & B-3: Anneal at 1038-1121°C with rapid cooling to avoid intermetallic precipitation.
X: Solution anneal at 1121-1232°C with air or rapid cooling.
C-4: Anneal at appropriate temperature with rapid cooling; maintains ductility after long-term exposure to 649-1038°C.
Proper heat treatment ensures the balanced microstructure that provides the exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical properties characteristic of Hastelloy alloys. All fasteners are fully solution annealed and rapidly quenched to ensure optimal performance.
Special focus: Hastelloy Fasteners for Critical Applications
For the most demanding applications requiring exceptional corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength, RAYCHIN offers Hastelloy fasteners manufactured to ASTM, ASME, NACE, and customer-specific specifications. Our capabilities include:
Chemical Processing: Reactor bolts, heat exchanger fasteners, distillation column studs, pump and valve hardware, piping flanges handling HCl, H₂SO₄, and mixed acids.
Oil & Gas / Sour Service: NACE MR0175 compliant fasteners for wellhead equipment, subsea connectors, riser clamp bolts, valve assemblies, and Christmas tree hardware.
Nuclear Industry: Fasteners for spent fuel reprocessing, reactor components, and radioactive waste handling systems.
Standards: DIN 931, DIN 933, DIN 934, DIN 912, DIN 938, DIN 939, DIN 975, DIN 976 (metric); ASME B18.2.1, ASME B18.2.2, ASME B18.3, ASME B16.5 (inch); ASTM B574, B335, B572, B564.
Thread Classes: 2A, 3A, UNJF-3A, 6g, 6H.
Sizes: M3 through M100, #2 through 4".
Certifications: EN 10204 3.1/3.2 material certifications, NACE MR0175, API 20F, PED 2014/68/EU.
All Hastelloy fasteners are supplied with full traceability and third-party NDT upon request. Material certifications included.
Why RAYCHIN LIMITED – The Hastelloy Fastener Authority
Metallurgical competence
Engineers on staff with deep expertise in nickel-based superalloys. We ensure proper solution annealing (1120-1177°C for C-276, 1038-1121°C for B-2) for optimal corrosion resistance across all Hastelloy fasteners. Every heat is verified by in-house PMI testing to confirm chemistry. With precise control over heat treatment parameters, our fasteners provide the exact corrosion resistance required for your application.
Global approvals & traceability
Our quality system is ISO 9001:2015 and AS9100D certified; we also comply with NAS, AN, MS, ANSI, ASTM, ASME, SAE, API, NACE, ISO, DIN and KS. Full material traceability from melt to final packaging (EN 10204 3.1/3.2). Third-party inspections (ABS, DNV, Lloyds) available. All Hastelloy fasteners meet applicable ASTM, ASME, NACE MR0175, and API standards.
Precision forming & thread rolling
In-house hot forging and precision thread rolling capabilities ensure consistent head dimensions and thread geometry. Precision rolled threads provide superior fatigue life and dimensional accuracy. 100% thread and dimensional inspection available. Hot forging parameters carefully controlled to avoid deleterious phase precipitation and maintain corrosion resistance.
Custom solutions
Need a special head style, unusual thread configuration, or custom material certification for your extreme environment application? Our engineering team works with you to produce custom Hastelloy fasteners to your drawing. We provide specialized surface treatments and NACE MR0175 compliant processing per customer requirements.
Contact the Hastelloy fastener experts today
Request a quote for Hastelloy bolts, nuts, screws, washers, stud bolts, threaded rods & custom configurations – any global standard (NAS, AN, MS, ANSI, ASTM, ASME, SAE, API, NACE, ISO, DIN, KS), any quantity. Inquire about C-276, C-22, B-2, B-3, C-4, or X grades for chemical, nuclear, or high-temperature applications.