RAYCHIN LIMITED, we are materials experts who focus only on fasteners made from the highest performance specialty metals for the most challenging and extreme applications.

• Stainless Steel Series: Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ferritic Stainless Steel, Austenitic Stainless Steel, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel and Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel.

• Super Alloys Series: Nickel-based Alloy, Cobalt-based Alloy, Iron-based Alloy, Molybdenum-based Alloy, ‌Titanium-based Alloy, Copper based Alloy, ‌Zirconium Alloy.

• Alloy Steel Series: Low Alloy Steel, Medium Alloy Steel, High Alloy Steel, Special Alloy Steel.

Precision Studs in Special Alloys | RAYCHIN Fastening Solution Expert

RAYCHIN manufactures precision studs in 25+ exotic alloys: 17-4 PH, Inconel 718, Titanium, Hastelloy, MP35N, A286, Monel & more. Fully threaded studs, double-end studs, continuous thread studs, tap-end studs. ASME, DIN, ISO, ASTM compliant. Custom OEM studs for aerospace, oil & gas, power generation, marine & industrial applications. Global supplier.

Studs: The Foundation of Critical Bolted Connections

RAYCHIN is a premier manufacturer of high-performance studs and a recognized special alloy fastening solution expert. Studs are headless threaded fasteners that serve as the foundation for critical bolted connections in industries where reliability, strength, and material integrity are non-negotiable. Unlike bolts, studs are threaded on one or both ends and are typically used with nuts on both sides or threaded directly into a tapped hole. This design provides superior clamping force distribution, easier installation in confined spaces, and allows for thermal expansion accommodation in high-temperature applications.

Studs are essential in pressure vessels, heat exchangers, pipeline flanges, turbine casings, engine assemblies, nuclear reactors, subsea equipment, chemical processing plants, and structural connections where the consequences of fastener failure are catastrophic. Our studs are manufactured to exacting ASTM, ASME, DIN, and ISO standards, with complete material certification, full traceability, and engineering support for custom applications.

We engineer these critical components from over 25 advanced alloys, ensuring reliable performance in extreme temperatures (cryogenic to 2000°F+), highly corrosive environments, high-pressure systems (up to 20,000 psi), sour service (NACE MR0175/ISO 15156) , and critical safety applications.

Stud Classifications

1. Stud Types by Configuration

2. Stud Types by End Configuration

3. Thread Specifications for Studs

4. Special Application Studs

• High-Temperature Studs: For turbine and exhaust applications

• Cryogenic Studs: For LNG and low-temperature service

• Sour Service Studs: NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 compliant

• High-Pressure Studs: For API flanges and wellhead equipment

• Corrosion-Resistant Studs: For chemical and marine environments

• Non-Magnetic Studs: For MRI and sensitive instrumentation

• Vacuum Service Studs: For semiconductor and space applications

• Nuclear Grade Studs: With low cobalt and high purity requirements

• Fatigue-Resistant Studs: With optimized thread root radii

• Custom Studs: Manufactured to your OEM specifications with unique dimensions, thread configurations, and material grades

Full Material Portfolio with International Standard Designations

As a special alloy fastening solution expert, RAYCHIN produces studs in the following comprehensive range of high-performance materials:

1. Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels

17-4 PH (UNS S17400): ASTM A564 Type 630, AMS 5643, DIN 1.4542 — Available in H900, H1025, H1150, H1150+ tempers. Exceptional combination of high strength (up to 180 ksi) and good corrosion resistance. Excellent for aerospace studs, medical devices, high-strength applications, defense hardware, and robotics. *Keywords: 17-4 PH studs, 17-4 PH double-end studs.*

PH 13-8 Mo (UNS S13800): ASTM A564 Type 625, AMS 5629 — Superior strength (up to 220 ksi), exceptional toughness, and outstanding stress corrosion cracking resistance. Available in H950, H1000, H1050 tempers. Recommended for aerospace structural studs, defense applications, medical implants, and critical assemblies. *Keywords: PH 13-8 Mo studs.*

2. Nickel-Based Superalloys

Inconel® Alloys:

• Inconel 600 (UNS N06600): ASTM B166, AMS 5665 — General purpose high-temperature alloy with excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance to 2000°F. Good resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking. Ideal for heat treat furnace studs, chemical processing equipment, nuclear applications, and high-temperature studs. Keywords: Inconel 600 studs.

• Inconel 625 (UNS N06625): ASTM B446, AMS 5666 — Exceptional resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and high-temperature oxidation. Outstanding fatigue strength and resistance to chloride ions. High strength from cryogenic to 1800°F. Recommended for marine studs, offshore platform hardware, chemical tank fittings, seawater immersion applications, and aerospace components. Keywords: Inconel 625 studs.

• Inconel 718 (UNS N07718): AMS 5663, ASTM B637 — High-strength alloy with exceptional creep rupture strength up to 1300°F. Excellent cryogenic properties and weldability. Good fatigue and oxidation resistance. Ideal for aerospace engine studs, high-temperature applications, racing components, downhole tools, and high-performance automotive. Keywords: Inconel 718 studs.

Monel® Alloys:

• Monel 400 (UNS N04400): ASTM B164, AMS 4675 — Superior resistance to seawater, steam, and caustic environments. Excellent corrosion resistance in reducing conditions. High strength over a wide temperature range. Recommended for marine studs, naval vessel hardware, chemical processing equipment, offshore installations, and architectural marine applications. Keywords: Monel 400 studs.

• Monel K500 (UNS N05500): ASTM B865, AMS 4676 — Age-hardenable version offering increased strength and hardness while maintaining excellent corrosion resistance. Good spring properties and wear resistance. Ideal for pump studs, marine fasteners, oil & gas applications, high-strength marine hardware, and valve components. Keywords: Monel K500 studs.

Hastelloy® Alloys:

• Hastelloy C276 (UNS N10276): ASTM B574, AMS 5754 — Excellent resistance to a wide range of corrosive chemicals including strong oxidizers and reducing agents. Outstanding resistance to pitting and stress corrosion cracking. Recommended for chemical processing studs, pharmaceutical apparatus, pollution control systems, flue gas desulfurization, and nuclear waste processing fixtures. Keywords: Hastelloy C276 studs.

• Hastelloy C22 (UNS N06022): ASTM B574, AMS 5755 — Superior resistance to oxidizing media and localized corrosion. Excellent in mixed acid environments and chloride-containing media. Ideal for bleaching systems, pickling equipment, nuclear waste processing, aggressive chemical service, and pharmaceutical reactors. Keywords: Hastelloy C22 studs.

• Hastelloy B2 (UNS N10665): ASTM B335 — Exceptional resistance to reducing acids like hydrochloric and sulfuric at all concentrations and temperatures. Outstanding resistance to hydrogen chloride gas. Recommended for hydrochloric acid processing, chemical reactors, evaporators, acid concentration plants, and chemical storage fixtures. Keywords: Hastelloy B2 studs.

Incoloy® Alloys:

• Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825): ASTM B423, AMS 5870 — Excellent resistance to reducing and oxidizing acids, stress corrosion cracking, and intergranular attack. Good resistance to sulfuric and phosphoric acids. Ideal for pickling tank hardware, pollution control equipment, nuclear fuel reprocessing, chemical storage vessels, and food processing equipment. Keywords: Incoloy 825 studs.

• Incoloy 925 (UNS N09925): ASTM B805 — High-strength, age-hardenable alloy with excellent resistance to sour gas environments. Good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Recommended for downhole instrumentation, wellhead equipment, subsea enclosures, oil & gas production, and high-temperature applications. Keywords: Incoloy 925 studs.

High-Temperature Alloys:

• Waspaloy (UNS N07001): AMS 5708, AMS 5824 — Precipitation-hardenable alloy with exceptional high-temperature strength to 1600°F. Excellent oxidation and creep resistance. Good fatigue strength. Ideal for gas turbine studs, jet engine components, high-temperature instrumentation, aerospace fasteners, and racing applications. Keywords: Waspaloy studs.

• Nimonic® Series:

  • Nimonic 80A (UNS N07080): BS HR 501, AMS 5842 — Creep and rupture strength up to 1500°F. Excellent oxidation resistance and good corrosion resistance. Recommended for exhaust system studs, heat treatment fixtures, turbocharger components, gas turbine parts, and high-temperature springs. Keywords: Nimonic 80A studs.

  • Nimonic 90 (UNS N07090): BS HR 502, AMS 5796 — Enhanced high-temperature properties with superior oxidation resistance. Good creep strength and fatigue resistance. Ideal for gas turbine studs, high-temperature applications, aerospace engine hardware, high-performance racing components, and exhaust valves. Keywords: Nimonic 90 studs.

3. Duplex & Super Duplex Stainless Steels

Duplex 2205 (UNS S32205/S31803): ASTM A193 B8S, EN 1.4462 — Twice the yield strength of 316 stainless with excellent chloride stress corrosion resistance. Outstanding pitting resistance (PREN 34-36). Good fatigue strength. Recommended for offshore platform studs, desalination plant hardware, marine deck equipment, chemical tankers, and subsea applications. Keywords: Duplex 2205 studs.

Super Duplex Alloys:

• Alloy 926 (UNS N08926): ASTM B691, EN 1.4529 — PREN >40 for severe chloride and seawater environments. Excellent resistance to crevice corrosion and pitting. Good mechanical properties. Ideal for subsea studs, coastal infrastructure, chemical tanker hardware, desalination plants, and marine instrumentation. Keywords: Alloy 926 studs.

• AL-6XN® (UNS N08367): ASTM B691, AMS 5875 — Superior pitting and crevice corrosion resistance in highly chlorinated atmospheres. Outstanding resistance to seawater and chloride solutions. Recommended for flue gas desulfurization, seawater cooling systems, pharmaceutical equipment, food processing, and marine hardware. *Keywords: AL-6XN studs.*

4. Titanium Alloys

Grade 2 Titanium (UNS R50400): ASTM B348, AMS 4921 — Excellent corrosion resistance with good formability and weldability. Outstanding seawater resistance and biocompatibility. Good strength-to-weight ratio. Ideal for marine studs, architectural hardware, chemical processing equipment, medical devices, and food processing. Keywords: Titanium Grade 2 studs.

Grade 5 Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) (UNS R56400): AMS 4928, ASTM F467 — High strength-to-weight ratio (120 ksi typical), excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Available in annealed and aged conditions. Excellent fatigue properties. Recommended for aerospace studs, medical devices, surgical instruments, high-performance automotive components, racing applications, and sports equipment. Keywords: Titanium Grade 5 studs.

Grade 7 Titanium (UNS R52400): ASTM B348 — Superior corrosion resistance with palladium addition. Excellent in reducing and oxidizing acid environments. Ideal for chemical processing, desalination plants, pollution control equipment, aggressive corrosion service, and marine applications. Keywords: Titanium Grade 7 studs.

Grade 23 Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) (UNS R56401): ASTM F136, ASTM F1472 — Extra-low interstitial version of Grade 5 with enhanced toughness and ductility. Superior biocompatibility. Recommended for medical implants, surgical instruments, dental devices, and biocompatible applications. Keywords: Titanium Grade 23 studs.

5. Refractory & Exotic Metals

Tantalum (UNS R05200): ASTM B365, AMS 7845 — Ultimate corrosion resistance in aggressive acid environments. Completely inert to most chemicals. Excellent biocompatibility. Ideal for chemical reactor studs, pharmaceutical processing equipment, high-purity applications, medical implants, and laboratory equipment. Keywords: Tantalum studs.

Zirconium 702 (UNS R60702): ASTM B550, ASME SB550 — Excellent resistance to sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acids. Outstanding in organic acids and alkaline media. Ideal for nuclear fuel processing, chemical reactors, heat exchanger hardware, aggressive chemical service, and reprocessing equipment. Keywords: Zirconium studs.

Zirconium 705 (UNS R60705): ASTM B550 — Niobium-stabilized version with enhanced strength and formability. Good corrosion resistance. Recommended for chemical processing, nuclear applications, and high-temperature service. Keywords: Zirconium 705 studs.

Molybdenum (UNS R03600): ASTM B387 — High temperature strength and stiffness for extreme thermal applications to 3000°F. Excellent thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion. Ideal for high-temperature furnaces, semiconductor processing equipment, glass manufacturing, high-temperature fixtures, and electronics. Keywords: Molybdenum studs.

TZM Molybdenum (Titanium-Zirconium-Molybdenum): ASTM B386 — Enhanced high-temperature strength and recrystallization resistance. Superior to pure molybdenum. Recommended for high-temperature applications, semiconductor, and aerospace. Keywords: TZM studs.

Tungsten (UNS R07005): ASTM B777 — Highest density and melting point for specialized radiation shielding and high-temperature applications. Exceptional wear resistance and thermal stability. Ideal for medical imaging equipment, aerospace counterweights, high-temperature fixtures, radiation shielding, and balancing applications. Keywords: Tungsten studs.

6. Specialty Stainless Steels & Nickel Alloys

Nitronic® Alloys:

• Nitronic 50 (XM-19) (UNS S20910): ASTM A193 B8N — High strength (twice the yield strength of 316 stainless), non-magnetic, excellent corrosion resistance. Good cryogenic properties. Recommended for medical imaging equipment, marine instrumentation, high-strength electronic enclosures, aerospace components, and subsea applications. Keywords: Nitronic 50 studs.

• Nitronic 60 (UNS S21800): ASTM A193 B8N — Superior wear and galling resistance with good corrosion properties. Excellent for frequently adjusted studs and moving parts. Self-lubricating characteristics. Ideal for valve components, pump hardware, adjustable mechanisms, high-wear applications, and instrumentation. Keywords: Nitronic 60 studs.

High-Performance Stainless:

• 254 SMO (UNS S31254): EN 1.4547, ASTM A479 — Excellent seawater and chloride resistance with high PREN value (>42). Outstanding pitting and crevice corrosion resistance. Recommended for offshore electronics, desalination hardware, coastal architectural fasteners, marine applications, and chemical processing. Keywords: 254 SMO studs.

• 310 Stainless Steel (UNS S31000): ASTM A276, AISI 310 — Outstanding high-temperature oxidation resistance up to 2000°F. Excellent in cyclic temperature conditions. Good carburization resistance. Ideal for furnace hardware, heat treat fixtures, exhaust system components, high-temperature sensors, and thermal processing. Keywords: 310SS studs.

• 316/316L Stainless Steel (UNS S31600/S31603): ASTM A276, ASTM A193 — Excellent corrosion resistance in marine and chemical environments. Good mechanical properties. Available in low-carbon version for improved weldability. Recommended for general industrial studs, marine hardware, medical devices, food processing, and pharmaceutical equipment. Keywords: 316L studs, 316SS studs.

• Alloy 20 (Carpenter 20) (UNS N08020): ASTM B473 — Superior resistance to sulfuric acid and chloride stress corrosion. Excellent in mixed acid environments. Recommended for chemical processing equipment, pharmaceutical reactors, food processing hardware, acid handling systems, and pickling equipment. Keywords: Alloy 20 studs.

• Alloy 330 (UNS N08330): ASTM B536 — Excellent carburization and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. Good resistance to thermal fatigue. Ideal for industrial furnaces, heat treating equipment, petrochemical processing, high-temperature fixtures, and thermal cycling applications. Keywords: Alloy 330 studs.

7. Ultra-High-Strength Cobalt Alloys

MP35N (UNS R30035): AMS 5844, ASTM F562 — Ultimate tensile strength exceeding 300 ksi with exceptional toughness and corrosion resistance. Non-magnetic. Excellent fatigue strength and biocompatibility. Recommended for aerospace actuators, medical implants, downhole instrumentation, high-security fasteners, marine applications, and racing components. Keywords: MP35N studs.

MP159 (AMS 5846): Advanced cobalt-nickel alloy offering high strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures. Superior to MP35N in high-temperature applications. Excellent fatigue and oxidation resistance. Ideal for gas turbine hardware, aerospace engine components, high-performance racing fasteners, critical high-temperature assemblies, and defense applications. Keywords: MP159 studs.

Elgiloy® (UNS R30003): AMS 5833 — Non-magnetic, high-strength cobalt alloy with excellent corrosion resistance and fatigue properties. Good spring characteristics. Recommended for medical devices, aerospace components, spring applications, and instrumentation. Keywords: Elgiloy studs.

8. High-Strength Aluminum & Iron-Based Alloys

Aluminum 2024 (UNS A92024): ASTM B211, AMS 4120 — High-strength aluminum alloy with good fatigue resistance. Available in T3, T4, T8 tempers. Recommended for aerospace components, defense hardware, and high-performance applications. Keywords: Aluminum 2024 studs.

Aluminum 6061 (UNS A96061): ASTM B211, AMS 4117 — Versatile, heat-treatable aluminum alloy with good corrosion resistance and weldability. Available in T6 temper. Ideal for general industrial applications, electronics enclosures, marine hardware, and architectural components. Keywords: Aluminum 6061 studs.

Aluminum 7075 (UNS A97075): AMS QQ-A-225/9, ASTM B211 — Available in T6, T73, T76 tempers. High strength-to-weight ratio (up to 83 ksi) with good corrosion resistance. Excellent machinability. Recommended for aerospace interiors, portable electronics, defense hardware, high-performance automotive components, sports equipment, and racing applications. Keywords: Aluminum 7075 studs.

A286 (UNS S66286): AMS 5731, ASTM A453 Grade 660 — Iron-based superalloy with excellent high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance to 1300°F. Good cryogenic properties and corrosion resistance. Ideal for aerospace engine hardware, turbocharger components, high-temperature electronic enclosures, racing applications, and high-performance automotive. Keywords: A286 studs.

9. Pure Nickel

Nickel 200/201 (UNS N02200/N02201): ASTM B160, ASME SB160 — High purity and excellent corrosion resistance in caustic environments. Good thermal and electrical conductivity. Non-magnetic. Recommended for caustic processing equipment, electronic components, food processing hardware, alkali service, and battery applications. Keywords: Nickel 200 studs.

Custom Stud Manufacturing & Engineering Solutions

As a special alloy fastening solution expert, RAYCHIN provides complete custom stud manufacturing services tailored to your exact specifications:

Manufacturing Capabilities

Engineering & Design Services

Material Selection Expertise:
Our metallurgical engineers analyze your application environment — temperature range (-423°F to 2200°F), corrosive media exposure (pH 0-14), load requirements (tensile, fatigue), pressure requirements (up to 20,000 psi), magnetic permeability needs (<1.05 μ), and applicable standards (NACE, ASME, API) — and recommend the optimal alloy from our 25+ material portfolio.

Stud Configuration Optimization:
We specialize in designing studs for specific applications:

• Double-end studs with optimized thread lengths for flange applications

• Continuous thread studs for thermal expansion accommodation

• Reduced shank studs for weight reduction and flexibility

• Step-down studs for specialized interface requirements

Thread Form Engineering:
Standard unified (UNC/UNF/UNEF), metric (ISO coarse/fine), or custom thread forms including:

• Class 2A, 3A for inch series

• Class 6g, 6h for metric series

• Acme, buttress, and special thread forms

• Left-hand threads for reverse rotation prevention

• Multi-start threads for rapid assembly

• Reduced root radius threads for enhanced fatigue life

Prototype Development:
Rapid turnaround prototype quantities (as few as 5 pieces) for design validation, fit-checking, and functional testing prior to full production. Typical prototype lead time: 7-14 business days.

Quality Assurance & Certification

• Material Certification: Complete Material Test Reports (MTRs) to EN 10204 3.1/3.2 with full traceability to melt source

• Dimensional Inspection: CMM, optical comparator, and laser micrometry verification to customer specifications

• Thread Inspection: Thread gauges, thread micrometers, and optical thread measurement

• Mechanical Testing: Tensile, yield, hardness, and proof load testing

• PMI Testing: Positive Material Identification verification

• Non-Destructive Testing: Ultrasonic, liquid penetrant (FPI), magnetic particle (MPI) inspection as required

• Corrosion Testing: Salt spray (ASTM B117), intergranular corrosion (ASTM A262), stress corrosion cracking testing

• Process Certification: AS9100, ISO 9001, ISO 13485, ITAR, NADCAP, and PED compliant

• NACE Compliance: MR0175/ISO 15156 certification available

Industry Applications & Engineering Recommendations

Why Choose RAYCHIN as Your Fastening Solution Expert?

25+ Years of Material Science Leadership:

Our metallurgical engineering team possesses deep expertise across the full spectrum of superalloys, refractory metals, and specialty stainless steels. We maintain a comprehensive database of material properties, corrosion resistance data, and application performance records. We don't just manufacture fasteners — we engineer solutions optimized for your specific application environment.

Complete Vertical Integration:

From raw material sourcing and certification through manufacturing, heat treatment, surface finishing, and quality inspection, all processes are performed in-house under strict quality control. This vertical integration ensures:

• Consistent quality from lot to lot

• Complete traceability from melt source to finished product

• Rapid response to design changes

• Competitive pricing without supply chain markups

• Shorter lead times for prototype and production quantities

Engineering Partnership:

We view ourselves as an extension of your engineering team. Our fastener engineers provide:

• Technical consultation on material selection based on application requirements

• Stud configuration optimization for performance and manufacturability

• Thread form engineering for fatigue life and assembly

• Installation methodology recommendations

• Failure analysis and corrective action support

• Finite element analysis (FEA) for critical applications

• Custom testing protocols for unique requirements

Global Standards Compliance:

Our products meet or exceed ASTM, ASME, DIN, ISO, JIS, BS, GB, API, NACE, and MIL-SPEC specifications, ensuring acceptance in regulated industries and global supply chains. We maintain current knowledge of international standards and can provide certification for any required specification.

Supply Chain Reliability:

We maintain strategic raw material inventory across our 25+ alloy portfolio, flexible manufacturing capacity, and robust quality systems to ensure consistent on-time delivery for both prototype quantities (5-100 pieces) and high-volume production runs (100,000+ pieces).

Sustainability Commitment:

We are committed to responsible material sourcing, energy-efficient manufacturing, and waste reduction. Our quality systems include:

• Conflict minerals compliance (due diligence per OECD guidelines)

• REACH and RoHS compliance for European markets

• Environmental management (ISO 14001 principles)

• Recycling and waste reduction programs

• Sustainable packaging initiatives

Technical Specifications & Ordering Information

Standard Size Ranges

Thread Specifications

Available Finishes

Request Engineering Consultation & Quote

Contact RAYCHIN's special alloy fastening solution experts today with your specifications or CAD drawings. We provide confidential technical consultation, rapid response prototyping, and competitive pricing for standard and custom stud solutions in advanced alloys.

Email: sales@raychin.com
Web:www.ray-chin.com
Response Time: < 24 hours
Engineering Support: Available in English, Mandarin, German, and Spanish
Prototype Turnaround: 7-14 business days
Production Lead Time: 4-8 weeks depending on quantity and alloy

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