Hastelloy Studs
Hastelloy Studs are resistant to some of the most severe chemicals, this very material often finds use in oil & gas sour gas service, chemical processing, power industries flue gas desulfurization systems, off-shore oil and down hole environments, pulp & paper bleaching and digesters, as well as other industrial facets where corrosion is an issue.
RAYCHIN SPECIALTY METALS FASTENERS: BOLTS, NUTS, SCREWS, WASHERS, STUDS, THREADED RODS, U-BOLT, J-BOLTS
STANDARD AND CUSTOMIZED, SMALL BATCH AND LARGE BATCH, IMPERIAL AND METRIC
A high performace nickel alloy used for severe corrosion environments
Excellent corrosion resistance to sulfuric & hydrochloric acids
Good mechanical properties at elevated temperatures
Hastelloy fasteners is often used for applications involving:
Sulfuric and hydrochloric acid (h2so4 & hcl)
Sour gas
Chlorides, wet chloride gas and chlorine solutions
Solvents
Formic and acetic acidsgeneral acid corrosion comparison
Acetic anhydride
Hypochlorites
Phosphoric acid
Oil & Gas sour gas service,
Chemical processing,
Power industries flue gas desulfurization systems,
Off-shore oil and down hole environments,
Pulp & paper bleaching and digesters,
As well as other industrial facets where corrosion is an issue.
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RAYCHIN LIMITED
Specialist in Hastelloy Studs · Double-End Studs · Fully Threaded · Tap-End · CustomHastelloy Studs: Nickel-Based Superalloy Stud Bolts for Extreme Environments
RAYCHIN LIMITED is a recognized expert in Hastelloy studs — from Hastelloy double-end studs, Hastelloy fully threaded studs, Hastelloy tap-end studs to custom non-standard configurations across all major Hastelloy grades. Hastelloy alloys are nickel-based superalloys renowned for their exceptional resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments, including strong acids like hydrochloric (HCl) and sulfuric (H₂SO₄), chlorides, and oxidizing agents. These alloys maintain outstanding mechanical properties and oxidation resistance at both cryogenic and elevated temperatures up to 1200°C (2192°F) for certain grades. With nickel-molybdenum-chromium matrices, Hastelloy studs outperform stainless steel and titanium in aggressive chemical, petrochemical, and high-temperature applications. Studs, also known as stud bolts, are externally threaded rods without heads, designed to be used with nuts on both ends. They are essential components in ASME B16.5 flange connections, pressure vessel closures, heat exchanger tube sheets, and valve assemblies. Our portfolio includes studs manufactured to NAS, AN, MS, ANSI, ASTM, ASME, SAE, API, NACE, ISO, DIN and KS standards. Engineered for the most demanding environments where corrosion resistance and reliability are critical. Hastelloy studs are supplied in solution annealed condition with full traceability and third-party certifications.
Complete Range of Hastelloy Studs – Types & Configurations
Double-End Studs (DIN 938 / DIN 939 / ASME B16.5)
Hastelloy double-end studs manufactured to DIN 938 (reduced shank), DIN 939 (full body), and ASME B16.5 standards. Features threads on both ends with an unthreaded center section, designed for flange connections and pressure vessel applications. The double-end stud design allows for installation from either end and provides superior vibration resistance. Ideal for high-temperature corrosive applications up to 1200°C (2192°F) for grade X, and up to 1090°C (1994°F) for C-276 and C-22. Available with or without reduced shank. Supplied with matching Hastelloy nuts per ASME B16.5 requirements. Sizes from 1/4" to 4" (M6 to M100) in various lengths. NACE MR0175 compliant for sour service applications.
Fully Threaded Studs (DIN 976 / ASME B18.31.2)
Hastelloy fully threaded studs manufactured to DIN 976, ISO 4014, and ASME B18.31.2 standards. Threaded along the entire length for maximum versatility in applications requiring engagement along the full stud length. Used in heat exchangers, valve assemblies, and structural connections requiring high-temperature capability and corrosion resistance. Precision rolled UNC, UNF, and metric threads for superior fatigue resistance. Available in diameters from 1/4" to 4" (M6 to M100) in custom lengths. Supplied with passivated finish per ASTM A967. Ideal for tube sheet tie rods and general-purpose studding.
Tap-End Studs (DIN 835 / ASME B18.31.2)
Hastelloy tap-end studs manufactured to DIN 835 and ASME B18.31.2 standards. Features a shorter thread length on one end (tap end) designed for permanent installation into tapped holes, with a longer thread length on the opposite end (nut end) for nut engagement. Ideal for applications where one side requires permanent fastening while the other side requires removable connections. Commonly used in compressor casings, turbine housings, and equipment where one end is threaded into a blind hole. Available with various thread length ratios to suit specific applications in corrosive environments.
Hastelloy Grade Selection Guide for Studs
Hastelloy C-276 (UNS N10276 / 2.4819)
The Universal Grade: Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with tungsten addition. Exceptional resistance to a wide range of corrosive media including strong acids, chlorides, and oxidizing agents. Resists HCl, H₂SO₄, and wet chlorine gas. Maximum service temperature: 1090°C (1994°F) in oxidizing atmospheres, 425°C (797°F) in reducing environments.
Hastelloy C-22 (UNS N06022 / 2.4602)
Superior Oxidizing Media Resistance: Higher chromium content provides enhanced resistance to oxidizing acids and mixed acid environments. Outperforms C-276 in nitric acid and chloride/sulfide environments. Maximum service temperature: 1090°C (1994°F) in oxidizing atmospheres, 425°C (797°F) in reducing environments.
Hastelloy B-2 & B-3 (UNS N10665 / N10675 / 2.4617 / 2.4600)
Reducing Acid Specialists: High molybdenum content provides exceptional resistance to hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid under reducing conditions. Not suitable for oxidizing media. Maximum service temperature: 400°C (752°F) in HCl environments.
Hastelloy X (UNS N06002 / 2.4665)
High-Temperature Specialist: Exceptional oxidation resistance, high-temperature strength, and fabrication ease up to 1200°C (2192°F). Resists carburization and stress corrosion cracking in petrochemical applications. Ideal for gas turbine engines, combustor cans, and afterburner components.
Hastelloy Stud Design & Standards
Dimensional Standards
Our Hastelloy studs meet or exceed the following specifications:
Available in UNC, UNF, and metric coarse/fine thread configurations. Standard sizes from 1/4" to 4" (M6 to M100).
Material Specifications by Grade
- C-276: ASTM B574 / ASME SB574, ASTM B564, AMS 5754
- C-22: ASTM B574 / ASME SB574, ASTM B564
- B-2: ASTM B335 / ASME SB335, ASTM B564
- B-3: ASTM B335 / ASME SB335, ASTM B564
- C-4: ASTM B574 / ASME SB574, ASTM B564
- X: ASTM B572, ASTM B564, AMS 5754, AMS 5798
Surface Finish Options
- Passivated: Per ASTM A967 for maximum corrosion resistance
- Electropolished: For clean room and pharmaceutical applications
- PTFE Coated: For anti-galling and lubricity
- Silver Plating: Per AMS 2410 for high-temperature anti-seize
Key Benefits of Hastelloy Studs
Exceptional Acid Resistance
Hastelloy studs offer outstanding resistance to hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), phosphoric acid, and acetic acid. C-276 grade resists 40% HCl at 60°C with <0.05mm/year corrosion rate, and 50% H₂SO₄ at 90°C. B-2 grade resists 30% HCl at boiling point with corrosion rate <0.5mm/year.
High-Temperature Strength
Hastelloy X maintains tensile strength of 240 MPa at 1000°C, with exceptional oxidation resistance up to 1200°C. C-276 retains useful strength up to 1090°C in oxidizing environments. Minimum tensile strength: 690 MPa for C-276, 655 MPa for X.
Flange Connection Design
Double-end studs are the preferred fastener for ASME B16.5 flange connections, allowing installation from either end and providing superior vibration resistance. Available with reduced shank for flexibility or full body for maximum strength.
Chloride & SCC Resistance
Excellent resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and chloride stress corrosion cracking. PREN values: C-276 ~68, C-22 ~66, far exceeding super duplex grades. High nickel content (>50%) provides immunity to chloride SCC.
NACE MR0175 Approved
Qualified for sour service (H₂S) environments per NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156. Suitable for wellhead equipment, valve assemblies, and subsea connections in oil and gas applications. Grades C-276, C-22, C-4, and X are approved for sour service.
Multiple Configurations
Available in double-end, fully threaded, and tap-end configurations to suit specific application requirements. Custom thread lengths and end preparations available up to 6 meters (20 feet).
Manufacturing Standards for Hastelloy Studs
RAYCHIN LIMITED manufactures Hastelloy studs to the following national and international standards, ensuring full compliance for projects worldwide. Both standard and non-standard custom configurations are available.
International Standards & Global Designations for Hastelloy Studs
To serve clients worldwide, RAYCHIN LIMITED manufactures Hastelloy studs from material conforming to the following national and international specifications.
UNS N10276 2.4819 UNS N06022 2.4602 UNS N10665 UNS N06002 2.4665 NACE MR0175
Chemical Composition (Weight %) – Hastelloy Alloys
Our Hastelloy studs are produced from melts that strictly conform to the limits below per ASTM standards. The nickel-molybdenum-chromium matrix provides the exceptional corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength characteristic of these alloys.
Hastelloy C-276 (UNS N10276 / 2.4819)
Hastelloy C-22 (UNS N06022 / 2.4602)
Hastelloy B-2 (UNS N10665 / 2.4617)
Hastelloy X (UNS N06002 / 2.4665)
Expert note: The high nickel content provides resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking. Molybdenum adds strength and resistance to reducing acids like HCl. Chromium provides resistance to oxidizing media such as nitric acid. Tungsten enhances solid solution strengthening and localized corrosion resistance. The low carbon content in most grades prevents sensitization and intergranular corrosion after welding.
Complete Mechanical Properties of Hastelloy Studs
Hastelloy studs are supplied in the solution annealed condition. The data below represent minimum requirements per ASTM standards unless otherwise noted.
Mechanical Properties by Grade (Solution Annealed)
Physical Properties by Grade
Elevated Temperature Tensile Strength (Hastelloy X - Typical Values)
Elevated Temperature Mechanical Properties
Exceptional Corrosion Resistance of Hastelloy Studs
Hastelloy alloys offer unparalleled resistance to a wide spectrum of corrosive environments, combining the benefits of high nickel, chromium, and molybdenum content.
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Resistance
Hastelloy C-276 studs resist 40% HCl at 60°C with <0.05mm/year corrosion rate. B-2 and B-3 grades excel in HCl environments under reducing conditions, with corrosion rates <0.5mm/year in 30% HCl at boiling point.
Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄) Resistance
C-276 offers corrosion rate <0.1mm/year in 50% H₂SO₄ at 90°C. C-22 provides superior performance in mixed acid environments containing oxidizing impurities. B-2 shows excellent resistance in 50% H₂SO₄ at 100°C with <0.1mm/year.
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) Resistance
With high nickel content (>50%), Hastelloy studs have excellent resistance to chloride SCC. PREN values: C-276 = (Cr + 3.3Mo + 16N) ≈ 68, C-22 ≈ 66, providing outstanding pitting and crevice corrosion resistance.
Resistance to Specific Environments
Heat Treatment & Microstructural Stability
Hastelloy studs are supplied in the solution annealed condition for optimum corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Heat treatment parameters vary by grade:
- C-276 & C-22: Solution anneal at 1121-1177°C (2050-2150°F) followed by rapid cooling (water quench).
- B-2 & B-3: Anneal at 1066-1121°C (1950-2050°F) with rapid cooling to avoid intermetallic precipitation.
- X: Solution anneal at 1121-1232°C (2050-2250°F) with air or rapid cooling.
- C-4: Anneal at 1066-1121°C (1950-2050°F) with rapid cooling.
Proper heat treatment ensures the balanced microstructure that provides the exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical properties characteristic of Hastelloy alloys. All studs are fully solution annealed and rapidly quenched to ensure optimal performance.
Special focus: Hastelloy Studs for Critical Applications
For the most demanding applications requiring exceptional corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength, RAYCHIN offers Hastelloy studs manufactured to ASTM, ASME, NACE, and customer-specific specifications. Our capabilities include:
- Chemical Processing: Reactor closures, heat exchanger tube sheets, distillation column flanges, pump and valve assemblies handling HCl, H₂SO₄, and mixed acids.
- Oil & Gas / Sour Service: NACE MR0175 compliant studs for wellhead equipment, valve assemblies, subsea flanges, and API 6A closures.
- Nuclear Industry: Studs for spent fuel reprocessing, reactor components, and radioactive waste handling systems.
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: High-purity reactor flanges, solvent recovery systems, API synthesis vessels.
- Aerospace & Gas Turbines: Combustor can studs, transition duct fasteners, afterburner components, jet engine tailpipe hardware.
- Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD): Scrubber internals, absorber tower flanges, ductwork connections, mist eliminator supports.
- Marine Engineering: Seawater piping flanges, propeller shaft connections, valve assemblies, offshore platform hardware.
- Pulp & Paper: Bleaching plant flanges, digester connections, paper machine hardware.
- Standards: DIN 938, DIN 939, DIN 976, DIN 835 (metric); ASME B16.5, ASME B18.31.2 (inch); ASTM B574, B335, B572, B564.
- Thread Classes: 2A, 3A, UNJF-3A, 6g, 6H.
- Sizes: M6 through M100, 1/4" through 4".
- Lengths: Custom lengths up to 6 meters (20 feet) for fully threaded studs.
- Certifications: EN 10204 3.1/3.2 material certifications, NACE MR0175, API 20F, PED 2014/68/EU.
All Hastelloy studs are supplied with full traceability and third-party NDT upon request. Supplied with matching Hastelloy nuts for complete flange bolting sets. Material certifications included.
Why RAYCHIN LIMITED – The Hastelloy Stud Authority
Metallurgical competence
Engineers on staff with deep expertise in nickel-based superalloys. We ensure proper solution annealing (1120-1177°C for C-276, 1066-1121°C for B-2) for optimal corrosion resistance across all Hastelloy studs. Every heat is verified by in-house PMI testing to confirm chemistry. With precise control over heat treatment parameters, our studs provide the exact corrosion resistance required for your application.
Global approvals & traceability
Our quality system is ISO 9001:2015 and AS9100D certified; we also comply with NAS, AN, MS, ANSI, ASTM, ASME, SAE, API, NACE, ISO, DIN and KS. Full material traceability from melt to final packaging (EN 10204 3.1/3.2). Third-party inspections (ABS, DNV, Lloyds) available. All Hastelloy studs meet applicable ASTM, ASME, NACE MR0175, and API standards.
Precision thread rolling & end finishing
In-house CNC thread rolling and cutting capabilities ensure precise thread geometry and consistent mechanical properties. Precision rolled threads provide superior fatigue life and dimensional accuracy. Chamfered ends for easy nut engagement. Available thread classes up to 3A/6g. 100% thread inspection available.
Custom solutions
Need a special thread configuration, unusual length, or custom end preparation for your extreme environment application? Our engineering team works with you to produce custom Hastelloy studs to your drawing. We provide specialized surface treatments and NACE MR0175 compliant processing per customer requirements.
Contact the Hastelloy stud experts today
Request a quote for Hastelloy studs, double-end studs, fully threaded studs, tap-end studs & custom configurations – any global standard (NAS, AN, MS, ANSI, ASTM, ASME, SAE, API, NACE, ISO, DIN, KS), any quantity. Inquire about C-276, C-22, B-2, B-3, C-4, or X grades for chemical, nuclear, or high-temperature applications.
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